Should English Be Declared the Worlds Official Common Language

ArticleSoft.com » Culture-and-society » Should English Be Declared the Worlds Official Common Language

Should English Be Declared the Worlds Official Common Language

Author: Philip Yaffe | Total views: 39 | Word Count: 1839 | Category: Culture and Society | Date: Nov 15th 2007

Search for: travel, language learning, foreign language, common language, irregular verbs, phonetic, homonym, homophone, genders, plurals, ease of learning, tonic accent

Anyone who has travelled outside his own country is aware of the thrilland frustrationof dealing with foreign languages.

The thrill comes from the fact that the languages are foreign. When you hear people speaking differently from you, and see newspapers, magazines, posters and other written materials that look different from what you are used to, you know you have actually gone somewhere.

The frustration also comes from the fact that the languages are foreign. If you really need to say something to someone who doesnt understand you, or need to read something you dont understand, frustration is inevitable.

The solution, of course, would be a common language that everyone would understand, everywhere in the world.

Implementing such an idea wouldnt mean anyone losing his or her native tongue. A Frenchman would still speak French, a German would still speak German, a Chinese would still speak Chinese, etc. However, in addition to their native language, they would also speak X, the common language that would allow everyone to communicate with everyone else, no matter where on the planet they might be.

English to a large extent already fulfils this role; however, this has come about by historical accident, not by conscious design. If we really want a worldwide common language, some international body (the United Nations) would first have to designate it, then diligently work so that everyone on the planet could learn it.

My native language is English; however, I also speak French, used to speak Swahili, and have a working knowledge of Dutch, German, and Spanish. The purpose here is not to promote English as the worlds official common language, but rather to establish some ground rules for selecting such a language.

What makes a language easy to learn

I believe we can all agree that the official common language should be easy to learn. But what does this mean If your native language is French, Chinese might seem to be unconquerable. Likewise, if your native language is Chinese, you might find French equally daunting. The fact is, whatever your native language is, certain aspects of any other language are likely to make it appear impossibly difficult.

So, is there an objective way of determining how easy a language would be to learnfor everyone

This would have to be determined by the concerted efforts of linguists, psychologists, socialists, educationalists, etc. I have no such expertise, but I do have experience. So to get things started, I would like to propose a fundamental criterion for answering this question and see how well English stacks up.

Facility Principle

What you dont have to do is always easier than what you do have to do.

In other words, the less you have to think about in speaking and writing a language, the more rapidly you will learn it and the fewer mistakes you will make.

English scores very well against this criterion, because its basic grammar lacks most of the complexities that characterise many other languages. Here are a few examples.

1. Gendered nouns

Many languages, and virtually all European languages, have different classes of nouns, often called gendered nouns. For example, in French a noun can be either masculine or feminine. In German a noun can be either masculine, feminine, or neuter. Swahili in fact has four classes of nouns (no, the fourth one isnt homosexual!). To speak properly, you must learn the gender of each noun individually, which is not always obvious.

English doesn't have this problem. English can be considered to have only one class of nounsall neuter.

2. Gendered articles

Each gendered noun is associated with a gendered article. To speak properly, you must put the correct article with the correct noun. For example, in French le livre = the book (masculine), but la lampe = the lamp (feminine). It would be quite incorrect to say la livre or le lampe. In English, the definite article is always the; it never changes.

Likewise, un livre = a book (masculine), but une lampe = a lamp (feminine). In English, the definite article is always a; it also never changes.

3. Gendered adjectives

Languages with gendered nouns usually have gendered adjectives. To speak properly, you must correctly associate the adjective with the correct noun. For example, pain frais = fresh bread, but viande fraîche = fresh meat. It would be quite incorrect to say pain fraîche or viande frais.

In English, adjectives (like nouns) are all neuter and never change, i.e. both frais and fraîche = fresh

4. Multiple plurals

Certain languages consider it insufficient to indicate a plural only once, so they have multiple plurals. For example, le grand livre = the big book, but les grands livres = the big books. It would be quite incorrect to say le grand livres, i.e. without making both the article and the adjective plural as well.

English has neither plural articles nor plural adjectives. The is always the and big is always big. They never change.

5. Verb classes

Many languages have different classes of verbs. Correctly using a verb depends on knowing its class. French, for example, has at least three verb classes, indicated by distinct endings on the infinitive (mang-er = to eat, prend-re = to take, cour-ir = to run). The ending of each individual verb must be learned; otherwise, mistakes are inevitable.

English has only one class of verbs. All infinitives are indicated by to (to run, to jump, to sleep, etc.); mistakes are impossible.

6. Regular conjugations

Certain languages have many more conjugated verb forms than does English. For example, in the present tense you would say: I, we, you, they eat; he, she, it eats. Thus, there are only two conjugated forms (eat, eats). In French there are five conjugated forms and in Spanish there are six.

In the future tense you would say: I, he, she, it, we, they will eat. Thus, there is only one conjugated form (will eat). Spanish still has six conjugated forms, but now so does French. Similar disparities exist in the past tense, and virtually all other verb tenses.

7. Irregular conjugations

Irregular conjugations are common in many languages; however, there are exceptions. Swahili verbs are perfectly regular. If you know the conjugated forms of just one verb, you know the conjugated forms of all verbs.

English, of course, does not have this enviable facility; however, compared to many other languages, its irregularities are few and far between. For example, English is perfectly regular in both the present and future tenses.

The present tense is always formed by removing to from the infinitive and adding the appropriate pronoun: to come = I come, he/she/it comes, we come, you come, they come. The future tense is always formed by removing to from the infinitive and adding will: to come = I will come, he/she/it will come, we will come, you will come, they will come.

French and Spanish are highly irregular in both of these tense, as well as many others.

Does the relative simplicity of basic English grammar give it the inside track to becoming the worlds official common language Absolutely not! Along with its undeniable attributes, it also has a number of significant drawbacks.

The most obvious one is English spelling, which is far from being phonetic. This means the same sound can have several different spellings (here, hear; there, their; break, brake; clean, keen; said, bed; height, kite; who, blue, new, etc.). French, of course, is much worse than English in this respect; however, German, Italian and Spanish are much better. And Swahili is perfect. In this language, if you can say a word, you can spell it. End of story.

The second major drawback is pronunciation. Most people, and certainly those who have yet to master another language, are unaware of how seriously difficult correct pronunciation in their own native language could be for a foreigner.

English, like many other languages, is cursed with a tonic accent. Tonic accent simply means that certain syllables are given more stress than others. For example, difficult is pronounced dif*-fi-cult; the first syllable carries the tonic accent. It could just as easily be pronounced dif-fi*-cult, which is what Spanish prefers. Or even dif-fi-cult*, which might be the preference in some other language.

If your native language has a tonic accent, you have grown up with it, so you may not fully appreciate what a burden it really is is. However, when you try to learn another language, the difficulty becomes evident.

The tonic accent will not always go where you think it should (based on your language), so you will constantly be mispronouncing. Worse, if you put the tonic accent on the wrong syllable, your interlocutor might not understand what you are trying to say at all.

Are there any languages with no tonic accent There may be many, but French is the only one I know.

Technically, French does have a tonic accent, but it is very hard to hear it. For example, in English we say un-i-ver*-si-ty. In French, this is un-i-ver-si-t, with each syllable being given essential the same stress. Likewise with rest*-au-rant, which in French is simply rest-au-rant. And so on. Thus, you never have to guess where the tonic accent should go, so you can never make a mistake.

As we have seen, based on the Facility Principle (what you dont have to do is always easier than what you do have to do), English has a lot to recommend it. However, this is only one criterion. In searching for the best common language for the world, the experts will probably come up with many more. How well English would fare against these additional criteria can only be guessed at.

Editors Note

Philip Yaffe is a former reporter/feature writer with The Wall Street Journal and a marketing communication consultant. He currently teaches a course in good writing and good speaking in Brussels, Belgium. In the I of the Storm: the Simple Secrets of Writing & Speaking (Almost) like a Professional, his recently published book, is available from Story Publishers in Ghent, Belgium (storypublishers.be) and Amazon (amazon.com).

For further information, contact:

Philip Yaffe
61, avenue des Noisetiers
B-1170 Brussels, Belgium
Tel: 32 (0)2 660 0405
phil.yaffe@yahoo.com

Article Source: ArticleSoft.com

About the Author

Philip Yaffe is a former writer with The Wall Street Journal and international marketing communication consultant. He now teaches courses in persuasive communication in Brussels, Belgium. Because his clients use English as a second or third language, his approach to writing and public speaking is somewhat different from other communication coaches. He is the author of In the I of the Storm: the Simple Secrets of Writing & Speaking (Almost) like a Professional. Contact: phil.yaffe@yahoo.com.

Copy and Paste Article Code.

Remember: The article body, title, author bio and links may not be changed or removed. By publishing this article, you agree to all the terms in our Terms of Service.

Anyone who has travelled outside his own country is aware of the thrilland frustrationof dealing with foreign languages. 
 
 
The thrill comes from the fact that the languages are foreign. When you hear people speaking differently from you, and see newspapers, magazines, posters and other written materials that look different from what you are used to, you know you have actually gone somewhere. 
 
 
The frustration also comes from the fact that the languages are foreign. If you really need to say something to someone who doesnt understand you, or need to read something you dont understand, frustration is inevitable. 
 
 
The solution, of course, would be a common language that everyone would understand, everywhere in the world. 
 
 
Implementing such an idea wouldnt mean anyone losing his or her native tongue. A Frenchman would still speak French, a German would still speak German, a Chinese would still speak Chinese, etc. However, in addition to their native language, they would also speak X, the common language that would allow everyone to communicate with everyone else, no matter where on the planet they might be. 
 
 
English to a large extent already fulfils this role; however, this has come about by historical accident, not by conscious design. If we really want a worldwide common language, some international body (the United Nations) would first have to designate it, then diligently work so that everyone on the planet could learn it. 
 
 
My native language is English; however, I also speak French, used to speak Swahili, and have a working knowledge of Dutch, German, and Spanish. The purpose here is not to promote English as the worlds official common language, but rather to establish some ground rules for selecting such a language. 
 
 
What makes a language easy to learn 
 
I believe we can all agree that the official common language should be easy to learn. But what does this mean If your native language is French, Chinese might seem to be unconquerable. Likewise, if your native language is Chinese, you might find French equally daunting. The fact is, whatever your native language is, certain aspects of any other language are likely to make it appear impossibly difficult. 
 
 
So, is there an objective way of determining how easy a language would be to learnfor everyone 
 
 
This would have to be determined by the concerted efforts of linguists, psychologists, socialists, educationalists, etc. I have no such expertise, but I do have experience. So to get things started, I would like to propose a fundamental criterion for answering this question and see how well English stacks up. 
 
 
Facility Principle 
 
 
What you dont have to do is always easier than what you do have to do. 
 
 
In other words, the less you have to think about in speaking and writing a language, the more rapidly you will learn it and the fewer mistakes you will make. 
 
 
English scores very well against this criterion, because its basic grammar lacks most of the complexities that characterise many other languages. Here are a few examples. 
 
 
1. Gendered nouns 
 
 
Many languages, and virtually all European languages, have different classes of nouns, often called gendered nouns. For example, in French a noun can be either masculine or feminine. In German a noun can be either masculine, feminine, or neuter. Swahili in fact has four classes of nouns (no, the fourth one isnt homosexual!). To speak properly, you must learn the gender of each noun individually, which is not always obvious. 
 
 
English doesn't have this problem. English can be considered to have only one class of nounsall neuter. 
 
 
2. Gendered articles 
 
 
Each gendered noun is associated with a gendered article. To speak properly, you must put the correct article with the correct noun. For example, in French le livre = the book (masculine), but la lampe = the lamp (feminine). It would be quite incorrect to say la livre or le lampe. In English, the definite article is always the; it never changes. 
 
 
Likewise, un livre = a book (masculine), but une lampe = a lamp (feminine). In English, the definite article is always a; it also never changes. 
 
 
3. Gendered adjectives 
 
 
Languages with gendered nouns usually have gendered adjectives. To speak properly, you must correctly associate the adjective with the correct noun. For example, pain frais = fresh bread, but viande fraîche = fresh meat. It would be quite incorrect to say pain fraîche or viande frais. 
 
 
In English, adjectives (like nouns) are all neuter and never change, i.e. both frais and fraîche = fresh 
 
 
4. Multiple plurals 
 
 
Certain languages consider it insufficient to indicate a plural only once, so they have multiple plurals. For example, le grand livre = the big book, but les grands livres = the big books. It would be quite incorrect to say le grand livres, i.e. without making both the article and the adjective plural as well. 
 
 
English has neither plural articles nor plural adjectives. The is always the and big is always big. They never change. 
 
 
5. Verb classes 
 
 
Many languages have different classes of verbs. Correctly using a verb depends on knowing its class. French, for example, has at least three verb classes, indicated by distinct endings on the infinitive (mang-er = to eat, prend-re = to take, cour-ir = to run). The ending of each individual verb must be learned; otherwise, mistakes are inevitable. 
 
 
English has only one class of verbs. All infinitives are indicated by to (to run, to jump, to sleep, etc.); mistakes are impossible. 
 
 
6. Regular conjugations 
 
 
Certain languages have many more conjugated verb forms than does English. For example, in the present tense you would say: I, we, you, they eat; he, she, it eats. Thus, there are only two conjugated forms (eat, eats). In French there are five conjugated forms and in Spanish there are six. 
 
 
In the future tense you would say: I, he, she, it, we, they will eat. Thus, there is only one conjugated form (will eat). Spanish still has six conjugated forms, but now so does French. Similar disparities exist in the past tense, and virtually all other verb tenses. 
 
 
7. Irregular conjugations 
 
 
Irregular conjugations are common in many languages; however, there are exceptions. Swahili verbs are perfectly regular. If you know the conjugated forms of just one verb, you know the conjugated forms of all verbs. 
 
 
English, of course, does not have this enviable facility; however, compared to many other languages, its irregularities are few and far between. For example, English is perfectly regular in both the present and future tenses. 
 
 
The present tense is always formed by removing to from the infinitive and adding the appropriate pronoun: to come = I come, he/she/it comes, we come, you come, they come. The future tense is always formed by removing to from the infinitive and adding will: to come = I will come, he/she/it will come, we will come, you will come, they will come. 
 
 
French and Spanish are highly irregular in both of these tense, as well as many others. 
 
 
 
Does the relative simplicity of basic English grammar give it the inside track to becoming the worlds official common language Absolutely not! Along with its undeniable attributes, it also has a number of significant drawbacks. 
 
 
The most obvious one is English spelling, which is far from being phonetic. This means the same sound can have several different spellings (here, hear; there, their; break, brake; clean, keen; said, bed; height, kite; who, blue, new, etc.). French, of course, is much worse than English in this respect; however, German, Italian and Spanish are much better. And Swahili is perfect. In this language, if you can say a word, you can spell it. End of story. 
 
 
The second major drawback is pronunciation. Most people, and certainly those who have yet to master another language, are unaware of how seriously difficult correct pronunciation in their own native language could be for a foreigner. 
 
 
English, like many other languages, is cursed with a tonic accent. Tonic accent simply means that certain syllables are given more stress than others. For example, difficult is pronounced dif*-fi-cult; the first syllable carries the tonic accent. It could just as easily be pronounced dif-fi*-cult, which is what Spanish prefers. Or even dif-fi-cult*, which might be the preference in some other language. 
 
 
If your native language has a tonic accent, you have grown up with it, so you may not fully appreciate what a burden it really is is. However, when you try to learn another language, the difficulty becomes evident. 
 
 
The tonic accent will not always go where you think it should (based on your language), so you will constantly be mispronouncing. Worse, if you put the tonic accent on the wrong syllable, your interlocutor might not understand what you are trying to say at all. 
 
 
Are there any languages with no tonic accent There may be many, but French is the only one I know. 
 
 
Technically, French does have a tonic accent, but it is very hard to hear it. For example, in English we say un-i-ver*-si-ty. In French, this is un-i-ver-si-t, with each syllable being given essential the same stress. Likewise with rest*-au-rant, which in French is simply rest-au-rant. And so on. Thus, you never have to guess where the tonic accent should go, so you can never make a mistake. 
 
 
As we have seen, based on the Facility Principle (what you dont have to do is always easier than what you do have to do), English has a lot to recommend it. However, this is only one criterion. In searching for the best common language for the world, the experts will probably come up with many more. How well English would fare against these additional criteria can only be guessed at. 
 
 
 
 
Editors Note 
 
 
Philip Yaffe is a former reporter/feature writer with The Wall Street Journal and a marketing communication consultant. He currently teaches a course in good writing and good speaking in Brussels, Belgium. In the I of the Storm: the Simple Secrets of Writing & Speaking (Almost) like a Professional, his recently published book, is available from Story Publishers in Ghent, Belgium (storypublishers.be) and Amazon (amazon.com). 
 
For further information, contact: 
 
Philip Yaffe 
61, avenue des Noisetiers 
B-1170 Brussels, Belgium 
Tel:	32 (0)2 660 0405 
phil.yaffe@yahoo.com Article Source: <a href="http://www.articlesoft.com" target="_blank">ArticleSoft.com</a> About the Author: Philip Yaffe is a former writer with The Wall Street Journal and international marketing communication consultant. He now teaches courses in persuasive communication in Brussels, Belgium. Because his clients use English as a second or third language, his approach to writing and public speaking is somewhat different from other communication coaches. He is the author of In the I of the Storm: the Simple Secrets of Writing & Speaking (Almost) like a Professional. Contact: phil.yaffe@yahoo.com.